名詞は普通次のように分類される。
人 | もの | 場所 | もの | |||
George | and | Godzilla | walked to | Papa John's | to order a large pepperoni | pizza. |
ジョージとゴジラはLサイズのペパロニピザを注文するためにパパジョーンズへ歩いていった |
army | council | minority |
audience | department | navy |
board | faculty | public |
cabinet | family | school |
class | firm | senate |
committee | group | society |
company | jury | team |
corporation | majority | troupe |
誤 | The new furnitures look good in the lobby. |
正 | The new furniture looks good in the lobby. |
新しい家具はロビーに合う. |
furniture(家具)は椅子やらテーブルやらのまとまりを総称していうものなので,数えられない.
誤 | Confidence are reassuring to clients. |
正 | Confidence is reassuring to clients. |
信頼は顧客を安心させる. |
confidence(信頼)は抽象名詞なので数えられない.
(2-3-1a-1) EXERCISE
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
New employees
___
asked to attend orientation.
(A) is
(B) are
(2-3-1a-2) EXERCISE
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
The secretary ordered two
___ for the meeting.
(A) trays of food
(B) foods
(2-3-1a-3) EXERCISE
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Production
___ increased since Mr. Toyota revised the plan.
(A) has
(B) have
(2-3-1a-4)EXERCISE
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
The police
___ when the alarm goes off.
(A) arrive quickly
(B) is arriving
(C) arrives quickly
(D) has arrived
The childeren were excited.では[Who was excited?]という質問に対し、childrenと答えることができる。
S | V | C |
主語 | 動詞 | 主格補語 |
He | lies | dead. |
彼は死んでいる |
S | V | DO | C |
主語 | 動詞 | 直接目的語 | 目的補語 |
We | elected | Peter | president. |
ピーターをプレジデントに選んだ |
主語 | 動詞 | 冠詞 | 直接目的語 |
I | opened | the | package. |
主語 | 動詞 | 直接目的語 |
I | met | Rebecca. |
主語 | 動詞 | 間接目的語 | 冠詞 | 直接目的語 |
I | gave | Tony | a | book. |
He lives in Montreal. |
彼はモントリオールに住んでいる |
Sit between Martha and me. |
マーサと私の間に座りなさい |
I gave a bottle of wine to Pierre. |
ピエールにボトルに入ったワインをあげた。 |
His invention, a better mousetrap, brought him great wealth. |
彼の発明、つまりよりよいネズミ捕りが彼に富を持ち込んだ |
Margaret Mitchell's only published novel, Gone with the Wind, was an instant success. |
マーガレット ミッチェルの唯ひとつの出版本、風とともに去りぬ、は瞬時に大当たりだった |
Ali, please see me after class. |
アリ、授業でのあとで来なさい |
どの事柄について話しているのかはっきりさせていない場合で単数形の名詞の場合,不定冠詞aまたはanを用いる.
Count(単数) | I read a book that was very good. |
私は,とても良い本を読んだ.良い本は沢山あり,その内の一冊 | |
Count(複数) | I read some books that were very good. |
私は,いくつかのとても良い本を読んだ.良い本は沢山あり,その内の数冊 | |
Non-count | I read some literature that was very good. |
私は,とてもよいある書物を読んだ. |
literature(書物)
不特定名詞は特定名詞に変化する.
日本語でその,あの,このを付けていい直せる事柄の場合,定冠詞theを用いる.また,この世の中に一つしかないものの場合にもtheを用いる.例えば,the sun など.
Count(単数) | I read a book that was very good. The title of the book was ... |
その本のタイトルは...と特定の本を指すのでtheが必要 | |
Count(複数) | I read some books that were very good. The author of the books was ... |
それらの本の著者は...と特定の本を指すのでtheが必要 | |
Non-count | I read some literature that was very good. The theme of the literature was ... |
(2-3-7a-1) EXERCISE
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
___ of the entire department made the project a success.
(A) An effort
(B) A effort
(C) Effort
(D) The effort
どの努力と聞けば,全ての部署の努力となるので,特定できる.
(2-3-7a-2) EXERCISE
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
___ always interrupts your work during the day.
(A) Long meeting
(B) The long meeting
(C) A long meeting
(D) The meeting
どの会議と聞くと,どんな会議でもとなるので,不特定名詞.