2.4 関数の性質

1.

(a) $ \displaystyle{-\frac{1}{3}}$(b) $ \displaystyle{\sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)^2}}$(c) $ e - 1$

2.

$ f'(x) = 1 - \sec^{2}{x} \leq 0$で等号は$ x = 0$のときだけ. 3.

(a) $ \displaystyle{f(x) = \log{(1 + x)} - \frac{x}{1+x}}$とおくと,$ f(0) = 0$となるので$ x > 0$$ f'(x) > 0$を示せばよい.

$\displaystyle f'(x) = \frac{1}{1+x} - \frac{1}{(1+x)^2} = \frac{x}{(1+x)^2} > 0 $

(b) $ \displaystyle{f(x) = x - \tan^{-1}{x}}$とおくと,$ f(0) = 0$となるので$ x > 0$$ f'(x) > 0$を示せばよい.

$\displaystyle f'(x) = 1 - \frac{1}{1+x^2} = \frac{x^2}{1+x^2} > 0 $

次に, $ \displaystyle{g(x) = \tan^{-1}{x} - \frac{x}{1+x^2}}$とおくと,$ f(0) = 0$となるので$ x > 0$$ f'(x) > 0$を示せばよい.

$\displaystyle f'(x) = \frac{1}{1+x^2} - \frac{1 - x^2}{(1+x^2)^2} = \frac{2x^2}{(1+x^2)^2} > 0 $

(c) 両辺に対数をとって, $ \pi > e\log{\pi}$を示す. $ f(x) = x - e\log{x}$とおくと $ f(e) = 0$.また$ x > e$

$\displaystyle f'(x) = 1 - \frac{e}{x} = \frac{x - e}{x} > 0 $

よって $ f(\pi) = \pi - e\log{\pi} > 0$

4.

(a) $ x = 1$で極大値7,$ x = 3$で極小値3

(b) $ x = 0$で極小値0, $ x = 2$で極大値 $ \displaystyle{\frac{4}{e^2}}$

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